Urban elements integration
While terrain modeling is a critical component of simulating urban environments, a comprehensive and realistic model also requires the integration of various urban elements such as buildings, vegetation, and infrastructure. These elements add crucial detail to the model, enabling more accurate simulations and analyses.
1. Sourcing and 3D modeling of urban elements
In parallel with the work on terrain mesh generation, my colleagues have focused on sourcing and modeling other essential components of the urban environment, particularly buildings and vegetation.
-
Building data sourcing and modeling: Accurate 3D models of buildings are very important for urban simulations, especially for analyses like solar exposure, wind flow, and energy consumption studies. My colleagues have been working on sourcing detailed building data and transforming this data into precise 3D models. These models capture the geometry, height, and placement of buildings within the urban landscape, ensuring that they reflect real-world conditions as closely as possible.
-
Vegetation data sourcing and modeling: Vegetation plays a significant role in urban simulations, influencing factors such as shading, cooling, and aesthetic value. The team has also focused on obtaining accurate data on vegetation types, their distribution, and 3D modeling. This involves creating realistic models of trees and other plant life that accurately represent their size, shape, and placement within the urban environment.
2. Integrating urban elements with terrain models
The final step in creating a comprehensive urban model is the seamless integration of these urban elements—buildings, vegetation, and other infrastructure—into the terrain mesh. This integration is crucial for creating a model that is not only faithful to reality but also functional for a wide range of simulations and analyses.
In summary, the integration of buildings, vegetation, and other urban elements into terrain models is essential for creating realistic and functional urban simulations. By combining these elements into a cohesive model, we can achieve a detailed and accurate representation of the urban environment, suitable for a wide range of applications and analyses.
References
-
[cemosis] Cemosis. Center for Modeling and Simulation in Strasbourg. 2024. (www.cemosis.fr)
-
[irma] IRMA. Institut de recherche mathématique avancée. 2024 (irma.math.unistra.fr)
-
[unistra] University of Strasbourg. 2024. (en.unistra.fr)
-
[numpex] PEPR Numpex. Priority Research Program and Equipment for Numerical Exascale computing. 2024. (numpex.org/numpex-program)
-
[exama] Exa-MA. Methods and Algorithms for Exascale. 2024. (numpex.org/exama-methods-and-algorithms-for-exascale)
-
[ktirio] Ktirio Urban Building application. Prud’homme Christophe. Expanding horizons: Ktirio and the urban building vision in Hidalgo2. October 2023. 2024. (github.com/orgs/feelpp/discussions/2167)
-
[hidalgo2] CoE Hidalgo2. HPC and big data technologies for global challenges. 2024. (www.hidalgo2.eu/about)
-
[ubm] CoE Hidalgo2. The Urban Building Model 2024. (www.hidalgo2.eu/urban-building-model)
-
[inria] Inria. National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology. 2024. (www.inria.fr/en)
-
[eea1] European Environment Agency. Greenhouse gas emissions from energy use in buildings in Europe. Octber 2023. 2024. (www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-energy?activeAccordion=546a7c35-9188-4d23-94ee-005d97c26f2b)
-
[eea2] European Environment Agency. Accelerating the energy efficiency renovation of residential buildings — a behavioural approach. June 2023. 2024. (www.eea.europa.eu/publications/accelerating-the-energy-efficiency)
-
[ec1] European Commission. 2050 long-term strategy. 2024. (climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/climate-strategies-targets/2050-long-term-strategy_en#:~:text=Striving%20to%20become%20the%20world’s%20first%20climate%2Dneutral%20continent%20by%202050.&text=The%20EU%20aims%20to%20be,to%20the%20European%20Climate%20Law%20.)
-
[ec2] European Commission. The European Green Deal. 2024. (commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en)
-
[ec3] European Commission. European Climate Law. 2024. (climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-climate-law_en)
-
[ubp] Urban Building Pilot. Prud’homme Christophe. CoE Hidalgo2 Urban Building Pilot at NumPEx workshop on Discretization@Exascale. November 2023. 2024. (github.com/orgs/feelpp/discussions/2188)
-
[eurohpc] EuroHPC JU. The European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking. 2024. (eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/index_en)
-
[mapbox] Wikipedia contributors. Mapbox. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. August 2024. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapbox)
-
[mapbox-terrain-rgb] Mapbox. Mapbox Terrain-RGB v1. Mapbox Documentation. 2024. (docs.mapbox.com/data/tilesets/reference/mapbox-terrain-rgb-v1)
-
[mapbox-raster-tiles] Mapbox. Mapbox Raster Tiles API. Mapbox Documentation. 2024. (docs.mapbox.com/api/maps/raster-tiles)
-
[json-nlohmann] Lohmann, Niels. JSON for Modern C++. 2024. (json.nlohmann.me)
-
[curl] Stenberg, Daniel. cURL: A Command Line Tool and Library for Transferring Data with URLs. 2024. (curl.se)
-
[libpng] libpng: The Official PNG Reference Library. 2024. (www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html)
-
[cgal] CGAL: The Computational Geometry Algorithms Library. 2024. (www.cgal.org)
-
[stl] STL (STereoLithography) File Format Specification. 2024. (www.fabbers.com/tech/STL_Format)
-
[gmsh] Geuzaine Christophe, and Jean-François Remacle. Gmsh: A 3D Finite Element Mesh Generator with Built-in Pre- and Post-Processing Facilities. Version 4.10, 2024. (gmsh.info)
-
[msh] MSH: The Gmsh Mesh File Format. 2024. (gmsh.info/doc/texinfo/gmsh.html#MSH-file-format)
-
[img:lat-lon] Latitude and Longitude. BBC Bitesize. 2024. (www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztqtyrd/revision/1)
-
[world-geodetic-system] Wikipedia contributors. World Geodetic System. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System)
-
[marcator-projection] Wikipedia contributors. Mercator projection. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection)
-
[web-marcator-projection] Wikipedia contributors. Web Mercator projection. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Mercator_projection)
-
[cdt1] Wikipedia contributors. Constrained Delaunay triangulation. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained_Delaunay_triangulation)
-
[cdt2] L. Paul Chew. Constrained Delaunay Triangulations. Dartmouth College. 1987. 2024. (www.cs.jhu.edu/~misha/Spring16/Chew87.pdf)
-
[dt] Wikipedia contributors. Delaunay triangulation. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram)
-
[voronoi] Wikipedia contributors. Voronoi diagram. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. ()
-
[tiled-web-map] Wikipedia contributors. Tiled web map. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiled_web_map)
-
[img:tiles-coordinates] XYZ Tiles coordinate numbers. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:XYZ_Tiles.png)
-
[img:tiled-web-map] Tiled Web Map. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiled_web_map#/media/File:Tiled_web_map_Stevage.png)
-
[img:dt] Delaunay triangulation. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay_triangulation#/media/File:Delaunay_circumcircles_vectorial.svg)
-
[img:dt-centers] Delaunay triangulation with all the circumcircles and their centers. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay_triangulation#/media/File:Delaunay_circumcircles_centers.svg)
-
[img:dt-voronoi] Delaunay triangulation and its Voronoi diagram. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2024. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay_triangulation#/media/File:Delaunay_Voronoi.svg)
-
[img:constrained-mesh] Pierre Alliez, Senior Researcher and Team Leader at Inria, Image provided during personal communication. 2024.
-
[img:constrained-refined-mesh] Pierre Alliez, Senior Researcher and Team Leader at Inria, Image provided during personal communication. 2024.